Malicious apps masquerading as VPNs can turn your device into a tool for online attacks

Virtual private networks (VPNs) are essential if you care about your data and privacy. They create a secure, encrypted connection between your device and the Internet, hiding your IP address and protecting your online activity.

There are tons of apps that claim to provide VPN services, but not all of them are legitimate. Some are scams that try to steal your data.

In the third quarter of 2024, security researchers found that the number of users encountering fake VPN applications increased 2½ times compared to the second quarter worldwide. These applications were malware or programs that could be used by malicious actors.

I dive into the rise of fake VPN apps and how to stay safe.

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What you need to know about the operation of fake VPN apps

According to Kaspersky, cyber criminals take advantage of people who want to use free VPN services. In May 2024, law enforcement shut down a botnet, a network of hacked devices, called 911 S5. Several free VPN services, including MaskVPN, DewVPN, PaladinVPN, ProxyGate, ShieldVPN and ShineVPN, were used to create this botnet.

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When users install these VPN apps, their devices are turned into proxy servers, meaning they are used to redirect someone else’s internet traffic.

This massive network is spread across 19 million unique IP addresses in over 190 countries, making it the largest botnet ever created. The people who control the botnet have sold access to these infected devices to other criminals, who use them for cyber attacks, money laundering and fraud.

VPN on laptop (Kurt “CyberGuy” Knutsson)

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Don’t trust free VPNs

You can’t trust free VPN apps because they have no reason to keep you or your data safe. Here’s why you should be careful:

• Data sharing: Many free VPNs share user data with third parties.
• Weak encryption: About 36% of free VPNs use weak encryption, which puts your online security at risk.
• Data leakage: About 90% of free VPNs leak some kind of data, and 17% leak more than they should.
• Unreliable connection: More than half of free VPNs have unstable connections.
• Additional permissions: About 70% ask for permissions they shouldn’t need, such as tracking your location (20%) or checking what apps you have installed (46%).

Why people fall for fake VPNs

There is a growing demand for VPN applications on all platforms, including smartphones and computers. Users often believe that if they get a VPN app from an official store, such as Google Play, it is safe to use. They are especially attracted to free services, thinking it is great. However, this can often be a trap.

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Choose trusted VPN services for complete security and privacy

If you need a VPN, stick to a known, trusted and free service. Look for mentions on sites that are reputable and backed by solid reviews. If you’re not sure where to start, I’ve put together something helpful list of my favorite VPNs. I’ve tested them myself, and you can trust them to keep your data safe. For the best VPN software, see my expert review of the best VPNs for private web browsing on your Windows, Mac, Android and iOS devices..

A woman is looking at a VPN app on her phone (Kurt “CyberGuy” Knutsson)

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7 important tips for choosing and using VPNs

Here are seven important steps to help you choose a reliable VPN and protect your online privacy.

1. Stick to official app stores: Always download apps from trusted platforms like the App Store for iOS or the Google Play Store for Android. These stores have built-in security measures that help detect and remove fake or malicious apps. Avoid downloading apps from random websites or third-party stores, as they are more likely to host malicious software. Even on official stores, check the app’s reviews, ratings and downloads to make sure it’s reliable.

2. Pay attention to app permissions: Be careful about the permissions you give apps during installation. The flashlight app, for example, doesn’t need access to contacts or location. Ask for any permission that is not relevant to the operation of the application. Both iOS and Android allow you to review and manage app permissions in your settings, so take the time to double-check what you’ve already allowed.

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3. Use two-factor authentication (2FA): Use it 2FA so your VPN accounts add an extra layer of security beyond just a password.

4. Keep software updated: Regularly update all VPN-related software, including clients, servers and associated networking hardware, to benefit from the latest security patches and improvements.

5. Use strong encryption: Look for VPN services that use strong encryption protocols like AES-256 to protect your data.

6. Monitor VPN traffic: Continue to monitor VPN traffic and logs for unusual patterns that may indicate security issues.

7. Invest in a solid antivirus program: A strong antivirus program can help detect and remove malware before it can compromise your device. Most antivirus apps also come with features like web protection, anti-phishing tools and the ability to scan new apps for threats. While there are free options, premium versions often offer complete protection. Look for a trusted name in cybersecurity when choosing an antivirus solution. Find my picks for the best antivirus 2025 winners for your Windows, Mac, Android and iOS devices.

The key to take Kurt

Fake VPN apps are everywhere, and they’re bad news. They are not just useless. They can turn your device into a tool for hackers. The 911 S5 botnet showed us how dangerous free VPNs can be, turning millions of devices into a massive network of fraud and attacks. The truth is that free VPNs are not really free. They often come with weak security, leak your data or require permissions that put your privacy at risk. If you’re serious about protecting your work online, invest in a trusted, premium VPN service.

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